Purpose of IJEMID The International Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management, Innovation and Development (IJEMID) aims to advance impactful, interdisciplinary research across EMID themes. As a Gold Open Access journal published by Graduate College England Ltd (London, UK), IJEMID fosters global knowledge exchange that bridges theory and practice, especially supporting voices from emerging and least-developed countries. We promote ethical, innovative, and sustainable approaches to enterprise, policy, and development through rigorous peer review and inclusive editorial engagement.